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District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department
The District of Columbia Fire and Emergency Medical Services Department, (also known as DC FEMS, FEMS, DCFD, DC Fire, or Fire & EMS), established July 1, 1884, provides fire protection and emergency medical service to the city of Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. An organ of the devolved district government, Fire & EMS is responsible for providing fire suppression, ambulance service and hazardous materials containment for the federal district.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=About FEMS )〕
==History==
On January 13, 1803, prior to the formation of a fire fighting company in the city, Washington's first law regarding fire control was passed; this law instructed that for every building in the city, the building's owner must provide leather buckets for use in fire suppression. Owners were required to provide as many buckets as there were stories to the building. The fine for failure to provide the required number of buckets was one dollar per missing bucket.〔
To resolve problems stemming from the rivalry between competing private volunteer companies, an act to consolidate volunteer fire departments and organize a paid fire department was approved in 1864〔 and implemented on September 23, 1871, with the District of Columbia Fire Department becoming fully professional with a combination of paid and volunteer staff under the banner of DCFD.〔 This very first incarnation of the fire department had seven paid firefighters and thirteen call men to answer alarms, manning three engines and two ladders. By 1900, the DCFD had grown to 14 engine, 4 ladder and 2 chemical companies.〔
Rescuers and firefighters from the DCFD were major participants in the 1968 riots following the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. Widespread civil unrest, looting and arson resulted in the mobilization of the entire force, along with 70 outside companies, to battle over 500 fires and perform 120 rescues during the four days of disorder. The department was riven by racial tension in the 1970s and 1980s, as the nearly all-white department became much more racially integrated and African American firefighters sought upper-level supervisory and management positions.〔Hsu, Spencer S. "Black D.C. Firefighters File Lawsuit." ''Washington Post.'' October 16, 2010.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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